How do you decide when a track needs more production elements versus when it's time to strip back and keep it simple?

As already mentioned, it’s crucial to identify the key elements in your composition and trust your ear. Ask yourself, “Is this part necessary? Does it enhance the overall experience?” If not, consider removing it. Another important approach is to give the composition time to breathe. Step away from it for a while, then return with fresh ears. You might notice elements you previously overlooked or realize that a certain frequency or instrument is cluttering the mix. Music is deeply personal, so trust your instincts, but also allow the piece to rest and listen with a clear mind when making final decisions.

I've always looked at it as how much information can the listen handle at one time. Generally, the rule of 3 works, if there's more than 3 primary sounds at once, it's hard to take in as a listener without losing the emotion of those original 3 parts. 

A practical trick I use is to listen to the song quietly through a phone speaker, if the 3 main elements are standing out and you're getting an emotional response from just that, you almost certainly have the right balance! 

In my 20 years as a music composer and producer, I’ve learned that the key is listening to what the track itself needs. If the core idea is strong, sometimes less is more, allowing the melody or rhythm to shine without overcrowding it. However, if the track feels empty or lacks energy, adding layers or effects can bring it to life.